The master's thesis of researcher Heba Kamel Lazem was discussed at the College of Engineering, University of Basrah (Department of Computer Engineering), under the supervision of Professor Dr. Ali Ahmed Abed, titled... Secure Routing Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
 

‏This study develops advanced security solutions for routing protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), a key component of Intelligent Transportation Systems. The researcher proposed a Multi-Layer Security System: the first layer incorporates four protection protocols designed to mitigate major cyberattacks (Sybil, Black Hole, Gray Hole, and DDoS), while the second layer utilizes Blockchain technology for decentralized trust management and automated malicious vehicle blocking. Experimental results demonstrated the proposed framework's effectiveness in securing the network and significantly improving data transmission performance compared to traditional protocols