a master's thesis at the College of Engineering at the University of Basrah discussing (analysis of the refractive mechanics of perforated sheets using the extended finite element method)

The thesis presented by the student Ahmed Obaid dealt with the use of different perforated plates based on the type of shape of the holes: circular, rhombus, rectangular and the arrangement of these holes

The stress intensity factor and the shape factor were calculated for the different directions of the cracks, the size of the different holes and the different arrangements of the holes for the same sheet dimensions where

All are subject to the same loading conditions. The thesis aims to predict the effect of the slit length, hole shape and size, as well as the arrangement of these holes on the stress factor

and form factor.

The thesis concluded that the stress intensity factor increases significantly when the plate is perforated compared to the non-perforated plate and the same applies

On the shape factor it also increases in the case of circular holes, the increase in the stress intensity factor and the shape factor with different slit length was more stable in the plate

Perforated in which the arrangement of the holes is alternating compared to the straight arrangement, simulating the growth of cracks in the structure of the plate without holes and perforated plates where it is shown

There is good agreement between the numerical and experimental results.